Role of Sulphur Fertilization in Legume Crops: A Comprehensive Review

Sulphur (S) is an indispensable macronutrient for plant growth and development, and its role in enhancing the productivity and quality of legume crops has garnered increased attention in agricultural research. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted significance of sulphur fertilization in legumes, shedding light on the pivotal role it plays in optimizing crop performance. From its involvement in amino acid synthesis and protein formation to its impact on chlorophyll production and antioxidant defense mechanisms, sulphur is a key player in the intricate web of plant metabolic processes. The review delves into the intricate molecular mechanisms that underlie sulphur assimilation and its impact on various physiological functions in legumes. Additionally, it investigates the influence of sulphur on legume crop quality parameters, emphasizing its effect on protein content and amino acid profiles, as well as its role in improving crop resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The symbiotic relationships between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia further complicate the sulphur scenario, making it imperative to dissect the dynamic interplay between these crucial elements. With a backdrop of changing agricultural practices, environmental concerns, and the increasing demand for sustainable food production, this review addresses the challenges and opportunities in sulphur fertilization. It also highlights the need for precise nutrient management strategies to harness the full potential of sulphur in legume crop production. In conclusion, this comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, agronomists, and policymakers, offering insights into the pivotal role of sulphur fertilization in enhancing the productivity, quality, and sustainability of legume crops in an ever-evolving agricultural landscape.