Meaning of the Decreased HPV Normalized Viral Load Marker in Clinical Evolution of Women with HPV Infection

(1) Background: HPV infection can progress over the years to become cervical cancer. In this study, genotype and a normalized viral load were evaluated as surrogate markers of progression to cancer. (2) Methods: A total of 558 endocervical swabs were collected from 120 women (mean, 40.1 ± 11.8 years old). Seventy-eight of the women underwent clinical intervention (CI) to clear the infection during the course of the study, while forty-two did not (NCI). Normalized viral load (NVL) was calculated using a COBAS 4800 system. The INNOLIPA genotyping system was used to classify HPV which was neither type 16 or 18. (3) Results: The mean age of CI women was 41.1 ± 11.4 (22–68) years old and that of the NCI group was 37.7 ± 12.13 (23–65) (p: 0.104). HPV16 was present in 11 (25%) NCI and 30 (35.2%) CI patients, HPVα9non16 in 20 (45%) NCI and 34 (40%) CI, and HPVnonα9 in 13 (29.5%) NCI and 21 (24.7%) CI (p = 0.48). In NCI women there was an average NVL decrease of 0.95 log after two years and a further decrease of 2.35 log at the end of the third year. At the end of the study, 34 (80%) of the NCI patients were clear of HPV. However, NVL of CI women remained at around 5 log until intervention (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Viral load decreased in NCI women at follow-up in the second year. In contrast, in CI women, their viral load did not fall over the follow-up period. This work thus demonstrates that a reduction in normalized viral load was associated with good evolution.