The Baseline Gut Microbiota Enterotype Directs Lifestyle-Induced Amelioration of Pollen Allergy Severity: A Self Controlled Case-Series Study

Deciphering the key factors underlying individual responses to a habitual diet is important in implementing personalized nutrition strategies to treat allergic diseases. This prospective randomized cohort study aimed to identify key factors determining individual pollen allergy (PA) trajectories in a natural setting. Baseline data on fecal microbiota composition, lifestyle activities, and diet habits of 190 participants with PA and 92 healthy controls were collected, followed by a SOMPO-guided intestinal activity program. Three enterotypes enriched in Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus and four subenterotypes for enterotypes Bacteroides and Prevotella enriched with Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Fusobacterium were identified at baseline. PA severity was significantly negatively correlated with the daily intake of fermented plants and no weekly intake of meat, but positively correlated with poor sleep quality. Interactions between enterotype and lifestyle factors affected PA severity, and intestinal activity intervention based on the baseline enterotype reduced the PA severity score. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that the baseline gut enterotype plays a crucial role in PA. This study suggests combining enterotype data with habitual diet can improve PA severity.