A Review on Common Physiological Disorder of Tomato and Their Management

Tomato plants are susceptible to various kinds of physiological problems, which can reduce fruit quality and productivity. Unlike pathogen-caused diseases, these problems are the result of environmental conditions, nutritional imbalances, and poor growing practices. Blossom-end rot, caused by calcium deficiency and inconsistent watering; blotchy ripening, often due to imbalanced nutrient availability; fruit cracking, often caused by rapid water uptake; sunscald, caused by excessive sunlight exposure; catfacing, caused by temperature fluctuations during fruit development; and uneven ripening, linked to poor nutrient distribution. These difficulties can be mitigated with proper mulching, pruning, and the use of shade netting. Effective management of these problems necessitates integrated techniques such as continuous irrigation, balanced fertilization, temperature adjustment, and protection from environmental extremes such as direct sunshine. Management of these disorders, which includes the use of mulch, optimal temperature control, correctly pruning, proper irrigation, balanced manure and fertilizer, protective measures against excessive sunlight, and integrated cultural practices, are some important keys that can help reduce their incidence. Furthermore, choosing tomato cultivars that are less susceptible to physiological problems will improve crop resilience. By addressing these issues, growers can improve overall crop health, resulting in higher-quality yields and lower economic losses. This review article gives an overview of the causes physiological disorder and reducing these disorders of tomatoes.