Enhancing Crop Productivity through Nanotechnology: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Results

Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to address the challenges of increasing crop productivity and ensuring global food security. This comprehensive review examines the various strategies and results of applying nanotechnology in agriculture to enhance crop productivity. We discuss the use of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nanosensors, in improving nutrient management, pest control, disease management, and crop monitoring. The review also highlights the potential of nanobiotechnology in crop improvement through targeted gene delivery, genetic engineering, and plant transformation. Furthermore, we explore the application of nanomaterials in seed priming, seed coating, and seed germination enhancement. The environmental and safety aspects of using nanotechnology in agriculture are also discussed, along with the challenges and future prospects. This review provides valuable insights into the current state-of-the-art and future directions of nanotechnology in enhancing crop productivity, promoting sustainable agriculture, and ensuring food security.