Evaluation of Available Safety Egress Time (ASET) in Performance-Based Design (PBD) Using CFAST

In South Korea, the need to link fire and evacuation simulations to compare the available safety egress time (ASET) and required safety egress time (RSET) in real time when implementing performance-based design in buildings is increasing. Accordingly, the Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (CFAST) has been discussed as an alternative to the fire dynamics simulator, which requires high computational costs, sufficient experience in fire dynamics numerical calculations, and various input parameters and faces limitations in integration with evacuation simulations. A method for establishing a reasonable computational domain to predict the activation times of smoke and heat detectors has been proposed. This study examined the validity of using CFAST to predict factors relevant to the ASET evaluation. The results showed that CFAST, which solved empirical correlations based on heat release rates, predicted high gas temperatures similarly. Moreover, the applicability of the visibility distance calculation method using smoke concentration outputs from CFAST was examined. The results suggest that despite the limitations of the zone model, CFAST can produce reasonable ASET results. These results are expected to enhance the usability of CFAST in terms of understanding general fire engineering technology and simple fire dynamics trends.