Hematuria as a Common Symptom of the Nutcracker Syndrome: Two Case Reports and Mini-review

Nutcracker syndrome results from compression of the left renal vein (LRV), usually in the range formed by the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), leading to stenosis of the aorto-mesenteric part of the left renal vein and dilation of its distal part.

The symptomatology remains dominated by abdominal pain and hematuria. Its diagnosis is essentially based on modern imaging means (computed tomography, ultrasound-Doppler, phlebography) and its treatment is controversial. We report two observations of patients, the first admitted for intermittent macroscopic hematuria and the second for incidentally discovered microscopic hematuria, and whose radiological exploration revealed Nutcracker syndrome.