A Rare Case of Leiomyomatosis Peritonalis Disseminata

Leiomyomatosis Peritonalis Disseminata (LPD), also known as disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis is an extremely rare disease in women and men where there is a rapid increase in peritoneal and subperitoneal nodules mainly of smooth muscle cells. It is a benign condition, however, its diagnosis can mimic or degenerate into peritoneal leiomyosarcoma, making the diagnosis tricky. In addition, clinical manifestations can be very nonspecific.

We discuss the case of a 38-year-old nulliparous patient who presented to the clinic with a 2-year history of lower abdominal swelling and a 5-month history of severe menorrhagia. Intraoperative findings showed an enlarged uterus with subserosal fibroids and several deposits on the serosa and intestines. The patient had Total hysterectomy and bilateral-salpingoophorectomy. Because malignant transformation has been reported to potentially occur almost 10 years from initial diagnosis, patients should be monitored by repeat ultrasound scans.