Faunal Diversity of Pulicat Lake, Southeast Coast of India

Pulicat Lagoon, located on the South-east Coast of India, indeed plays a crucial role in supporting a diverse range of aquatic and avian species. Pulicat Lagoon is known for its rich biodiversity. As mentioned, it supports a variety of species, including crustaceans, finfish, and migratory birds. These species are not only ecologically important but also contribute to the local economy through fisheries and tourism. The present study is an attempt to compile the faunal list based on the field survey conducted during 2005- 2007 & May to Dec 2022 by Marine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai and from the published literature. Altogether 354 species belong to six phyla are reported so far. Among them 65 species of microfauna (phytoplankton, and zooplankton) and 289 species of macrofauna (Cnidaria, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Pisces, and Birds) were reported so far. The lagoon is also important for the local fishing communities. It serves as a breeding ground for many fish species, which are essential for the livelihoods of the people living in the region. Sustainable fisheries management is vital to ensure the long-term well-being of these communities. Periodical research and monitoring of the lagoon's biodiversity and ecological health are crucial. This can help track changes, identify emerging threats, and guide conservation efforts. Pulicat Lagoon is a valuable ecosystem that supports a wide range of species and plays a vital role in the local economy. Conservation efforts should focus on maintaining the lagoon's ecological balance, preventing further degradation, and involving local communities in sustainable management practices to ensure its long-term survival. Pulicat Lagoon faces several environmental challenges, including silt deposition, habitat degradation, soil erosion, and changes in freshwater flow. These issues can disrupt the delicate balance of the ecosystem and threaten the survival of various species.