Influence of Eating Habits in Human Gut Resistome

Anthropogenic activities create very expressive changes in nature, and these activities exert an important selective pressure on different microbial communities in the most varied environments. The use of antimicrobials is considered one of the most incisive forces concerning the selection of resistant microorganisms. The use of large amounts of these xenobiotics in food production, as well as human eating habits, contributes massively to the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon, making foods into reservoirs of resistance genes and sources for their horizontal transfer. In this context, the horizontal genetic flux between exogenous microbiota and human intestinal microbiota is recognized, and food plays an important role in microbial transmission, which influences the implementation of policies that restrict the use of antimicrobials in the food production chain in some countries. Considering the importance of this theme, aspects of the clinical resistome of the human gut microbiota among healthy individuals with different eating habits will be addressed.