Biosynthesis, Mechanism and Potential Application of Hormones for Mitigating Stress, Conserving Bioactive Constituents in Fruits

The influence of plant growth regulators, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylic acid, on fruit crop development and quality enhancement. Various stages of fruit crop growth, such as flowering, fruit set, ripening, and post-harvest attributes, are examined through comprehensive experimental approaches. Auxins play a crucial role in regulating fruit size, shape, and development by facilitating cell elongation. Gibberellins control fruit elongation, seed germination, and fruit set. Cytokinins influence fruit expansion, sugar metabolism, and overall quality by promoting cell division and differentiation. Ethylene affects fruit ripening processes, including color change, softening, and flavor development. Abscisic acid influences fruit maturation and dormancy. Brassinosteroids regulate fruit development, including size, ripening, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Jasmonates and salicylic acid, involved in defense responses, have an impact on fruit ripening, quality, and disease resistance. The application of these regulators shows promise in improving fruit quality, nutritional composition, and shelf life. This study aims to provide valuable insights into fruit crop physiology and develop strategies to optimize productivity and quality. It emphasizes the importance of proper regulation and responsible use of plant growth regulators to address environmental, health, and ecological concerns associated with excessive or improper application. Excessive use of PGRs can lead to various physiological issues, adversely affecting fruit crop productivity and quality. Therefore, careful control of application procedures, dosages, and timing is necessary to ensure fruit crop health and avoid negative consequences.