Oxidative Stress and Retinitis Pigmentosa: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) represents a collection of hereditary retinal disorders typified by progressive photoreceptor cell degeneration, resulting in visual impairment and potential blindness in severe cases. Although RP pathogenesis has primarily been attributed to genetic mutations, emerging evidence indicates the significant role of oxidative stress in disease progression. Oxidative stress denotes an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the retina's antioxidant defense mechanisms. This chapter endeavors to delve into the intricate involvement of oxidative stress in RP and its impact on disease etiology and progression. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between oxidative stress and genetic mutations yields invaluable insights into disease mechanisms and paves the way for potential therapeutic interventions. Further research is imperative to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in RP and develop targeted antioxidant-based therapies to mitigate disease progression and safeguard vision in affected individuals.