Cancer Cytotoxic and Anti-HIV Potential of Triphala Herb Mixture on from Chae Son, Lampang, Thailand

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the stability properties of the two years for the quality of Tri-Pha-La Herbal Drink, Thai traditional and Ayurvedic medicine. This study aimed to compare the anticancer and anti-HIV efficacy of the solvent extracts and gallic acid of the three fruits. The research was done between A.D. 2017 to A.D. 2018.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, the cancer cell lines, KB, HT 29, MCF-7, A 549, CL and ASK treated with Triphala fruits extract at concentrations of 4 mg/mL for 72 h except 48 for P-388) . The cytotoxic activity was expressed as 50% effective dose (ED50). In addition, anti-HIV activity of the all Triphala fruits solvent extracts was performed by anti-HIVs-1RT. The tested extracts were prescreened at 200 μg/mL and only those which were very active (≥70% inhibition) at this concentration were further determined for the dose, μM, that inhibited 50% HIV-1 RT activity (IC50). Moreover, anti-syncytium (MC99+1A2) was performed by the Triphala fruits extract. The results were expressed as the concentration that inhibited 50% formazan formation in uninfected cells (IC50). The therapeutic index (TI) was calculated using the equation: TI=IC50/EC50.

Results: The results were compared between years A.D. 2017/2018. Amongst six ethyl acetate and methanol extracts (A.D. 2017) showed less than 20 µg/mL cell viability in P-388 cell lines. However, the four ethyl acetate and methanol extracts (A.D. 2018) were also inhibited P-388 cell species. Furthermore, each gallic acid, isolated from three fruits Triphala (A.D.2017/2018) were also strongly inhibited to P-388 cell species. Anti-HIV-RT activity of the all Triphala fruits solvent extracts (A.D. 2017) except hexane extracts showed very active which is consistent with A.D. 2018.

Conclusion: P. emblica-ethyl acetate extract (A.D. 2018) was the most promising anti-syncytium (MC99+1A2) among evaluated all three fruits Triphala extracts: it afforded the lowest EC ₅₀ 8.85 µM and therapeutic index 2.10. The results evidently showed the capacity of Triphala as potential chemopreventive and anticancer drug and immunity.