Quality of water for human consumption in a rural area community from Brazil

This work aimed at evaluating the bacteriological, parasitological, physical and chemical quality of water intended for human consumption in a community in a rural area of Recôncavo of Bahia (Brazil) and the factors related to a possible contamination. Samples were collected at two different times: at rainy season (August to September, 2015) and dry season (April 2016). The present work evaluated the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli; quantified heterotrophic bacteria; performed parasitological techniques of direct examination and modified Faust; analyzed pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, apparent color, turbidity and salinity; and applied a questionnaire regarding the water source and its storage. Out of the 53 households, 67.9% were in disagreement with bacteriological standards of potability. 5.7% in disagreement with parasitological standards, 92.5% in disagreement with physical and chemical standards and all samples were in disagreement with the parameters allowed and recommended by the Brazilian legislation. The water source, presence of a household reservoir, sewage destination and reservoir cleaning time were significantly related to the bacteriological results. The consumption of this water poses a risk to the population’s health and it could provoke outbreaks of food borne diseases. Effective water treatment and surveillance measurements should be taken in order to minimize risks to human health.