A New Description of Transverse Momentum Spectra of Identified Particles Produced in Proton-Proton Collisions at High Energies

The transverse momentum spectra of identified particles produced in high energy proton-proton ðp + pÞ collisions are empirically
described by a new method with the framework of the participant quark model or the multisource model at the quark level, in which
the source itself is exactly the participant quark. Each participant (constituent) quark contributes to the transverse momentum
spectrum, which is described by the TP-like function, a revised Tsallis–Pareto-type function. The transverse momentum spectrum of
the hadron is the convolution of two or more TP-like functions. For a lepton, the transverse momentum spectrum is the convolution
of two TP-like functions due to two participant quarks, e.g., projectile and target quarks, taking part in the collisions. A discussed
theoretical approach seems to describe the p + p collisions data at center-of-mass energy ffiffi
s p = 200 GeV, 2.76 TeV, and 13 TeV very well