Gravitationally Polarized Protons in Interstellar Hydrogen Gas and Dark Matter Generation

Aims: The main purpose is to demonstrate theoretically that the uu diquark to d quark axis in a free hydrogen atom is aligned in the direction of the ambient gravitational field.

Methodology: This work is an extension of the scalar strong interaction hadron theory SSI to include gravitation.

Results: It is shown that the distance vector between the uu diquark and the d quark in a free hydrogen atom is polarized in the direction of the surrounding gravitational field with the diquark closer to the source of gravitation. This polarization of the proton is due to that the gravitational correction to the potential experienced by the diquark is four times that by the quark. It can be destroyed when the associated hydrogen atom suffers a collision in cold, interstellar hydrogen gas. But such an alignment is restored almost immediately and persists for years until another collision takes place. Dark matter is generated and persists in the meantime if the gas has a gradient along the gravitational field. In the derivation, new insights in quark dynamics are uncovered and explained. The sum of the quark masses is about twice the proton mass so the quarks are strongly bond. The strong interaction strength between the u and d quarks in nucleon is nearly the same as that between a quark and an antiquark in meson.

Conclusion: Cold interstellar hydrogen gas in gravitational field can generate dark matter and dark energy which however disappear when the gas becomes hot and dense or is converted into star or planet.